Apron: Fringe of long hair on chest.

Apple-headed: Rounded skull.

Backtracking: Not following a trail, but
scenting back towards the start.

Barrelled:  A  barrelled dog has  a  great
width of chest at the expense of depth.

Bat Ears: The rather large erect and open
airs as seen in the French Bulldog.

B.B.: Best of breed.

Bay: Sound of a hound.

Beard:  The  profuse whiskering of the
Griffon Bruxellois as distinct from the
whiskers of the terriers.

Bird dog: One for hunting game birds.

Bitch: Female dog.

Bitchy: Judge's word for a male dog with
feminine conformation.

Bite: The way in which a dog's upper and
lower teeth meet.

Bloom: The glossiness of the coat.

Bone: A dog giving the appearance of
strength and spring in its limbs.

Br.: Breeder, i.e. the owner of the dog's
dam at the time of birth.

Bracelet: Fringes left around ankle in clip.

Breeching: Long hair on thighs.

Breed: Group of dogs showing same con-formation and characteristics.

Breeder: Owner of dam at time of birth.

Brindle: Grey or tawny coat striped or spotted with darker colours.

Brisket: Front of chest between the fore-

legs.

Brood Bitch: One kept purely for the pur-pose
 of breeding.

Brush: Thick bushy tail.

Butterfly nose:  Mottled or partly  black and partly pink.

Button ears: Close to the head and

 folded forward.

Call name: Usual or nickname as opposed

to registered full name.

Canine teeth: Fang-like teeth.

Cast: Circling hound to pick up the scent.

Cat feet: Well arched, round and compact.

C.C.: Challenge Certificate. A Club award
for the best exhibit of its sex in breed.
Awarded at championship shows only.

Chops: The pendulous and thick upper
lip common in the Bulldog.

Close coupled: Short in couplings, as in
most terriers.

Close lying: A coat in which the hair lies
close  to  the  body,  as  the  Labrador
Retriever.

Cubby: Short in the back like a cob horse.

Conformation: Size, shape and appearance.

Couplings: That part of the body between
the shoulders and the hips.

Cow hocks: Hocks which turn inwards.

Crest: Arch of upper back of neck.

Crossbred: The result of a mating of two
dogs of different breeds.

Croup: The area adjacent to the sacrum
and immediately before the root of the
tail.

Dam: Female parent.

Dappled: Irregular patches of dark colours
on coat.

Dew claws: The extra claws and rudi-
mentary toes usually removed in early
puppy hood.

Dewlap: Loose fold of skin under the
throat.

Docking: Shortening the tail.

Dome: Rounded skull.

Down-faced: A downward curvature of the nose.

Drop ears: Ears which are pendant and
hang flat and close to the side of the
cheeks.

Dudley nose: One coloured.

Flank: Loin and upper thigh.

Elbow: The joint at the top of the fore-
arm.

Entry: The dog entered in a show.

Even bite: Upper and lower front teeth
which meet without overlapping.

Feathering: The long fringes of hair seen
on the backs of the legs of setters and
spaniels.

Felted: A closely matted coat.

Fiddle front: Bowed forelegs.

Field trial: Competition for hunting dogs.

 Flag: A bushy or fringed tail

Flews: Same as chops.

Forearm: Foreleg between elbow and knee.

Forearm: Foreleg between elbow and knee.

Foreface: Front of head between eyes and
nose.

Forelock:  The  abundant tassel of hair
grown on the forehead and falling for-
ward over the eyes, as in the Sealyham
Terrier.

Grizzle: Greyish or mixed black and grey.

Ground colour: Background colour in parti- coloured coat

Handler: The person who takes the dog
into the ring at a show, or a field trial.

Loin: The part of the body between the
ribs and the hips.
Long coupled: A dog long in couplings, as
the Dachshund.

Lumber: Carrying too much flesh.

Maiden: A bitch that has not had puppies.

Mask: A dark coloured muzzle.

Merle: Blue-grey with fine black markings.

Milk teeth: A puppy's first set of teeth.
Usually replaced from four months on.

Mongrel: Dog of mixed parentage.

Muzzle: The part of the head combining
the mouth and the nose.

Obedience  trial:  A  test of recognised
breeds  of  dog  in  which  they  are
examined on set obedience exercises.

Occiput: A protruding bone on top of the
skull.

Oestrum: A bitch gets her oestral periods about every six months.
The period of menstruation.

Otter tail: A dog whose tail is thick at the
root, and then tapers away, as in the
Labrador Retriever.

Overshot: Upper jaw and teeth protrude
beyond the lower.

Pad: Cushion-like soles of a dog's feet.

Party-colour: Distinct markings of the coat in two or more colours.

Pasterns: The part of the leg below the knee.

Pedigree: A list of the dog's ancestors for
four or more generations.

Pig jaws: Badly overshot jaws.

Plume: The long feathery hair of the tail,
as in Pekingese.

Hard mouth: A gun dog which damages
game with too hard a bite.

Hare-foot: A long narrow foot.

Harlequin:  Coat  of  white  background
with black patches.

Harsh: Stiff, wiry, hard texture coat.

Haunch: Hind quarter.

Heat: When a bitch is on heat it is meant
that she is menstruating.

Height:  From  the  withers  point  of
shoulders to the ground.

Hock: Joint on the back legs which juts
out backwards.

Import:  A dog imported into Australia
from its country of birth.

In-breeding: The mating of dogs that are
closely related.

In season: A bitch during the periods
(nor- mally twice a year) when she can be
mated.

In whelp: Pregnant.

Kennels: Home or breeding establishment
for dogs belonging to one person.

Knee: The joint on the front leg above
the pastern.

Knuckled over: Front legs bent forward at
the knees.

Leather: The skin of the external ear.

Leggy: Too high in the leg.

Line breeding: The mating of related
dogs.

Lippy: When the lips overhang more than
is correct.

Litter: All the puppies produced at one
birth.

  Liver: Dark reddish-brown colour.

Sable: Brown colour with black shadings.

Saddle: A black marking over the top of
the back and upper flanks.

econd thigh: The part of the hind leg
between hock and stifle.

Septum: The division between the nostrils.

Short coupled: Short of body.

Shoulders: The point at which the height
of the dog is measured, about the top
of the shoulder blades.

Sire:  The  male  parent  of  a  litter  of
puppies.

Snipey: Too narrow or too sharply pointed
muzzle.

Soft-mouthed: Gun dogs able to pick up
and retrieve game without damaging it.

Spay: To de-sex a bitch by removal of the
ovaries.

Specialty show: Run by a club devoted to
one breed only.

Stifle:  The  joint in  the hind leg of the
dog, which is equivalent to the knejoint
 in man.

Stop: The depression between the eyes.

Stud dog: A male dog kept for breeding
purposes.
Throaty: A dog with an excess of loose
skin about the tliroat.

Ticking:  Splashes of dark colour in a
white coat.

Training collar: Check or choke collar.

Trousers: Long feathering on the hind
legs.

Tuck-up: The raising line from the belly
up under the hindquarters.

Typey: True to type of breed.

T.D.: Abbreviation for tracking dog.

Undercoat: Soft woolly coat beneath the
outer coat.

Utility dog (U.D.): Highest of the three
degrees obtainable for obedience trials.

 Undershot: Lower teeth projecting beyond
 the upper teeth.

U.D.T.: Combined title for a dog that
has won Utility Dog and Tracking titles.

Wall eye: A blue eye, or blue with brown
or black in the iris.

Weedy: Too lightly formed, especially
around ribs.

Well let down: A marked degree of angu-
lation of hock and stifle joints.

Well sprung: Well formed, particularly
in the development of the chest, and "the
spring of the ribs.

Wheaten: Wheat-coloured.

Whelp: To give birth to puppies.

Withers: The point where the neck joins
the body.